Overall, trapping of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) on Fort Hood, Texas, has reduced parasitism on black-capped vireos (Vireo atricapilla). However, parasitism remained high (92.0% in 1999) on a disjunct, 20-ha patch of habitat. As an alternative to trapping, we shot cowbirds for 1 h per week in this patch during the 2000 and 2001 breeding seasons, removing up to 7 female cowbirds each season. Parasitism decreased following shooting (0 to 25%) and did not immediately revert to the pre-shooting level one year following the cessation of shooting. An increase in fledgling success from 0% prior to shooting to 75 to 100% following shooting suggests that shooting had a positive effect on vireo nest success. Our results from one study site suggest that minimal-effort shooting might be an effective alternative to trapping in mitigating cowbird parasitism threats.